Praxis II Library Media Specialist (5311) Exam Secrets Study Guide by Praxis II Exam Secrets Test Prep Team

Author:Praxis II Exam Secrets Test Prep Team
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Mometrix Media LLC

Developmental Theory

Developmental theory focuses on the changes in children’s behavior, thinking, and feeling due to maturation and learning as they grow and develop. Development is viewed as progressing through predictable stages as children first learn simple skills and then increasingly complex skills. Physical and environmental factors that disrupt normal development can cause problems, some life-long. The major developmental domains are motor, cognitive, language, and social-emotional development. Some prominent developmental theorists include Jean Piaget, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and William Glasser. Piaget focused on cognitive development, while the others focused more on emotional and social needs, including the need for belonging and acceptance. Adler stressed human needs for community and connection. Maslow emphasized needs for self-actualization and fulfilling one’s potential, with physical, safety, belonging, and esteem needs as prerequisites. Erikson posited stages of psychosocial development, each with a nuclear conflict to resolve. For example, the conflict of industry versus inferiority accompanies beginning school ages. Positive resolution of this conflict results in a sense of industry and competence, while negative outcome is a sense of inferiority and inertia.

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